Justia Kansas Supreme Court Opinion Summaries

The Supreme Court affirmed Defendant's conviction of aggravated criminal sodomy and the requirement that he register as a sex offender for life under the Kansas Offender Registration Act (KORA), Kan. Stat. Ann. 22-4906(c), holding that there was no error in the proceedings below.On appeal, Defendant argued that retroactive application of KORA violates the federal constitutional prohibition against ex post facto punishment, constituted cruel and unusual punishment, and infringed on his right to due process. The appellate court affirmed. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding (1) Defendant's due process and cruel and unusual punishment arguments were waived and abandoned; and (2) KORA registration requirements are not punitive in purpose or effect, and therefore, retroactive application of KORA provisions to Defendant did not violate the Ex Post Facto Clause of the United States Constitution. View "State v. Davidson" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the court of appeals finding that lifetime registration requirements under the Kansas Offender Registration Act (KORA), Kan. Stat. Ann. 22-4906(c), were not punishment as applied N.R. and therefore did not trigger any constitutional provisions identified by N.R., holding that there was no error.N.R. pled guilty to rape and was adjudicated a juvenile offender. The gestate judge ordered N.R. to register as a sex offender for five years under KORA. Just before N.R.'s registration period was about to expire, the legislature amended KORA. As a result, N.R. was required to register for life. Later, the State charged N.R. for failing to register. N.R. filed a motion to dismiss, arguing that KORA's mandatory lifetime registration requirements for juvenile sex offenders violates the federal and state constitutional provisions against cruel and unusual punishment and the federal constitutional provision against ex post facto punishment. The district court found Defendant guilty. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that KORA's mandatory lifetime registration requirements as applied to N.R. are not punishment and therefore do not violate the federal Ex Post Facto Clause or the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment under the Kansas and United States Constitutions. View "State v. N.R." on Justia Law

The Supreme Court reversed the decision of the district court to grant summary judgment on the University of Kansas Hospital Authority's (KUHA) claims against the City of Ottawa seeking to recover the cost of medical treatment provided to an indigent patient who was injured in a car crash, holding that the City was not obligated to pay the patient's medical expenses.In seeking to recover the cost of the patient's medical treatment in this case, KUHA relied on Kan. Stat. Ann. 22-4612(a), which requires a city or county to pay a health care provider for health care services rendered to an indigent person in the custody of a city or the city's law enforcement agency. The district court granted summary judgment against the City of Ottawa, ruling that the Ottawa Police Department (OPD) ultimately had custody of the patient, and not the City. The Supreme Court reversed, holding that OPD did not have custody of the patient under section 22-4612(a), and therefore, the City was not liable for the patient's unpaid medical expenses. View "University of Kansas Hospital Authority v. Board of Franklin County Commissioners" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed Defendant's convictions of felony murder, criminal discharge of a firearm, and criminal possession of a firearm and sentencing him to a hard twenty-five life sentence consecutive to 216 months' imprisonment, holding that there was no error in the proceedings below.Specifically, the Supreme Court held (1) there was no violation of Defendant's statutory right to a speedy trial; (2) there was no violation of Defendant's constitutional right to a speedy trial; and (3) there was sufficient evidence to support Defendant's convictions for felony murder and criminal discharge of a firearm. View "State v. Shockley" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the court of appeals ruling that the Kansas Offender Registration Act (KORA), Kan. Stat. Ann. 22-4901 et seq., applied to Defendant's municipal court conviction for sexual battery, holding that KORA required Defendant to register.A Shawnee Municipal Court judge convicted Defendant of sexual battery. The district court held a trial de novo and found Defendant guilty on the sexual battery charge. The court further advised Defendant that he must register as a sex offender. The court of appeals affirmed. On appeal, Defendant argued that because KORA does not explicitly declare that it applies to municipal ordinance violations, he should not be required to register as a sex offender. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that Kan. Stat. Ann. 22-2102 does not render KORA inapplicable to municipal court proceedings. View "City of Shawnee v. Adem" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court vacated Defendant's sentence for aggravated domestic battery, holding that the district court's reason for departing from the presumptive sentence established by the Kansas Sentencing Guidelines Act (KSGA) was legally insufficient.Defendant pled guilty to aggravated domestic battery and moved for a downward departure sentence. The district court imposed twenty-four months' probation with an underlying sentence of thirty-one months. On appeal, the court of appeals vacated the sentence, holding that the district court's reason for departing was legally insufficient. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that the sentencing court relied on an improper nonstatutory mitigating factor. View "State v. Montgomery" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court reversed the decision of the court of appeals affirming the judgment of the district court dismissing for lack of jurisdiction this case in which Father moved to modify a child support order, holding that the district court had subject matter jurisdiction.Father attempted to register the child support order in this case from Florida in a Kansas district court. Father further moved to modify the amount of the order. The district court imposed a temporary modification order. When it was discovered that Father had failed to include the Florida order with his registration materials, the court voided the registration and modification and dismissed the case, concluding that it never had jurisdiction to modify the order. The Supreme Court reversed, holding that Father's failure to properly register his order had no effect on the district court's subject matter jurisdiction. View "Chalmers v. Burrough" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed Defendant's convictions of two counts of felony murder, criminal discharge of a firearm at an occupied dwelling, and criminal discharge at an occupied vehicle, holding that Defendant failed to establish error.On appeal, Defendant argued that the trial judge erred by not giving his requested and legally correct language to a pattern jury instruction. The Supreme Court disagreed and affirmed Defendant's convictions, holding that, even without the language requested by Defendant, the jury instructions properly and fairly stated the applicable law and did not mislead the jury. View "State v. Wimbley" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed Defendant's convictions of two counts of rape, two counts of aggravated criminal sodomy, and one count of aggravated intimidation of a victim, holding that the district court did not err when it permitted the father of the victim (Father) to invoke his Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination.Father had previously been convicted of sexual abuse of the victim. During trial, the district court allowed Father to invoke his Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination and excused him from the trial. The court of appeals reversed Defendant's convictions, holding that the district court erred when it permitted Father to invoke the Fifth Amendment privilege and that the error was not harmless. The Supreme Court reversed, holding that the district court did not err in excluding Father's testimony as evidence. View "State v. Contreras" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court reversed the decision of the district court denying Defendant's motion to appoint counsel and, by implication, his accompanying pro se petition for DNA testing under Kan. Stat. Ann. 21-2512 on the basis that his convictions had not yet become final, holding that section 21-2512 does not require that Defendant's conviction reach a state of finality on direct appeal before he may initiate proceedings under the statute.Defendant was convicted of capital murder and aggravated kidnapping and sentenced him to death. The Supreme Court reversed Defendant's sentence and remanded the case. Following remand, Defendant followed a pro se petition for postconviction DNA testing, following by a motion for appointment of counsel. The district court denied the motion for appointment of counsel and did not explicitly address the petition for DNA testing. The Supreme Court reversed, holding that section 21-2512 grants continuing jurisdiction to the court that entered the judgment to consider a petition for DNA testing at any time following conviction and to appoint counsel at any time, regardless of other ongoing appellate proceedings. View "State v. Thurber" on Justia Law