Justia Kansas Supreme Court Opinion Summaries

The Supreme Court affirmed Defendant's convictions of first-degree murder and other crimes, holding that an assumed error and a prosecutorial error occurred in the proceedings below, but those errors did not require a reversal of Defendant's convictions.After a jury trial, Defendant was found guilty of murder in the first degree, attempted murder in the first degree, conspiracy to commit murder in the first degree, criminal solicitation to commit murder in the first degree, and other crimes. Defendant received a hard twenty-five life sentence for the first-degree murder. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding (1) presuming that the trial court erred in admitting a certain exhibit, there was no reasonable probability that the admission of the exhibit affected the outcome of Defendant's trial; and (2) the prosecutor made improper statements during closing argument, but the prosecutorial error was individually and cumulatively harmless. View "State v. Brown" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the decision of the court of appeals affirming the judgment of the district court convicting Defendant of violating the Kansas Offender Registration Act (KORA) by failing to register, holding that the Legislature's decision to make the crime of failure to register a strict liability felony did not violate Defendant's substantive due process rights.On appeal, Defendant argued that Kan. Stat. Ann. 21-5203(e) violated his substantive due process rights by making a KORA violation a strict liability crime. The court of appeals affirmed. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that Defendant failed to show that section 21-5203(e)'s strict liability criminalization of KORA registration violations did not violate Defendant's substantive due process rights. View "State v. Genson" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the district court denying Appellant's second pro se motion to correct an illegal sentence for offenses he committed in 1993, holding that the trial court correctly sentenced Appellant.The sentencing court in this case ordered a hard fifteen life sentence with lifetime parole for Appellant's conviction of first-degree murder and a consecutive ninety-seven-month term of imprisonment for an aggravated robbery conviction. In his second pro se motion to correct an illegal sentence Appellant sought correction of a supervision term that he argued was required for the aggravated robbery sentence. The district court summarily denied the motion. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that, under Kan. Stat. Ann. 21-4720(b), when a defendant is sentenced for both off-grid and on-grid crimes, the sentencing court only has authority to impose the supervision period associated with the off-grid crime. View "State v. Collier" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court reversed the rulings of the lower courts against the City of Lansing in this dispute between municipalities in Leavenworth Country over the future and assets of a fire district, holding that an interlock agreement governing the fire district was enforceable by its clear terms.Lansing invoked the termination and assets provisions of the agreement, seeking to withdraw from the agreement. Thereafter, two townships petitioned for declaratory judgment to stop the dissolution or alteration of the Fire District, arguing that the sections in the agreement that Lansing relied on to terminate the agreement were illegal and unenforceable. Lansing counterclaimed seeking a declaratory judgment that the agreement was enforceable in its entirety. The district court ruled in favor of the townships, and the court of appeals affirmed. The Supreme Court reversed, holding that Lansing's notice of termination of the agreement was effective and enforceable. View "Delaware Township v. City of Lansing" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court reversed the decision of the court of appeals reversing the decision of the trial court judge dismissing this case with prejudice after suppressing evidence as a discovery sanction, holding that, under the circumstances, the district court did not abuse its discretion in dismissing the case with prejudice.Defendant was charged with drug-related offenses. The district court ultimately dismissed the charges with prejudice after suppressing certain evidence as a discovery sanction. The court of appeals reversed and remanded hte case, concluding that the district court abused its discretion by dismissing the case with prejudice for a discovery failure. The Supreme Court reversed, holding (1) the judge infringed on the prosecutor's discretion by not leaving to the prosecutor the decision of whether to proceed to trial; and (2) the error was harmless. View "State v. Mulleneaux" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the district court dismissing this lawsuit after its prior decision that a 2006 agreement between the cities of Spring Hill and Olathe was unenforceable as a governmental action that could not bind subsequent city councils, holding that Olathe was not entitled to relief on any of its claims of error.The agreement at issue restricted the cities' future growth by establishing boundaries for annexing land lying adjacent to the two cities. The agreement had no fixed expiration term and stated that termination could occur only upon mutual consent of the parties. In 2021, Olathe filed a petition seeking preliminary and injunctive relief to restrain Spring Hill from annexing certain disputed property. The district court denied the request for injunctive relief and then dismissed the suit. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that the agreement was an unenforceable attempt to bind future city councils to a governmental policy decision. View "City of Olathe v. City of Spring Hill" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed in part and reversed in part the judgment of a panel of the court of appeals affirming Defendant's conviction of possession of more than 3.5 grams of methamphetamine with intent to distribute, possession of a firearm within ten years of a prior felony conviction, and two counts of drug paraphernalia possession, holding that insufficient evidence supported Defendant's firearm possession conviction.On appeal, Defendant raised six allegations of error. The Supreme Court reversed in part, holding (1) the panel erred when it refused to consider for the first time on appeal the legal appropriateness of an intent-to-distribute instruction and the instruction's permissive inference was legally inappropriate, but this error was not prejudicial; (2) Defendant's constitutional challenges failed; (3) there was insufficient evidence to support Defendant's firearm conviction; and (4) Defendant was not entitled to relief on his remaining claims of error. View "State v. Valdez" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court reversed the judgment of the Board of Tax Appeals (BOTA) concluding that Johnson County's valuations for the 2016 and 2017 tax years involving eleven Walmart and Sam's Club "big box" stores in the County were too high because they improperly relied on unadjusted sales and rental income data from other properties subject to build-to-suit leases, holding that In re Prieb Properties, LLC 275 P.3d 56 (2012), is overruled.The BOTA in this case did its duty to follow Prieb, a 2012 decision that crafted a rule of law to exclude appraisal opinions founded on unadjusted build-to-suit lease data to support valuations used in the process of ad valorem taxation. The court of appeals affirmed. The Supreme Court remanded the case, holding (1) Prieb's rationale invades BOTA's longstanding province as the fact-finder in the statutory process for appraising real property at its fair market value for ad valorem tax purposes; and (2) by following Prieb, BOTA improperly imposed an exclusionary rule on the County's evidence rather than simply considering its weight and credibility. View "In re Equalization Appeal of Walmart Stores, Inc." on Justia Law

The Supreme Court reversed the judgment of the lower court finding the legislative reapportionment in the map colloquially known as "Ad Astra 2" constitutionally deficient as a partisan and racial gerrymander, holding that Plaintiffs did not prevail on any of their claims that Ad Astra 2 violates the Kansas Constitution.The district court held that Sub. SB 355 violates the Kansas Constitution as both a partisan and a racial gerrymander. The Supreme Court reversed, holding (1) this Court had jurisdiction to hear Plaintiffs' claims; (2) claims of excessive partisan gerrymandering are nonjusticiable in Kansas; and (3) Plaintiffs did not establish the elements of their race-based claims. View "Rivera v. Schwab" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court upheld the validity of Substitute for Senate Bill 563 (Sub. SB 563), holding that the Kansas State House and Kansas State Senate reapportionment maps contained within Sub. SB 563 contain no constitutional errors.The two maps at issue were approved by bipartisan majorities, and Sub. SB 563 was signed into law on April 15, 2022. On April 25, Attorney General Derek Schmidt petitioned the Supreme Court to determine the validity of Sub. SB 563, as required by Kan. Const. art. 10, 1(b). The Supreme Court held that Sub. SB 563 passed constitutional muster because the legislative maps contained therein satisfied the constitutional requirement of one person one vote, they were not discriminatory, and they satisfied the requirements of the Voting Rights Act. View "In re Validity of Substitute for Senate Bill 563" on Justia Law